📅 2026-10-03📊 C2 Proficient📚 10 new words🎧 daily podcast
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📚 Vocabulary
10 new wordsLearn new words with real examples and audio.
solastalgia /sol-uh-STAL-juh/
noun
the distress of seeing your home landscape damaged by environmental change
"Watching the river she had swum in as a child shrink to a trickle filled her with solastalgia."
ecotone /EE-koh-tohn/
noun
a transition zone where two ecosystems meet and blend
"The ecotone between the forest and the meadow supports species found in neither habitat alone."
rewilding /ree-WYL-ding/
noun
restoring ecosystems by letting nature reclaim land and reintroducing lost species
"The valley's rewilding project had reintroduced wolves after a century's absence."
anthropogenic /an-thruh-puh-JEN-ik/
adjective
caused by human activity (formal, academic)
"Scientists now treat the rapid retreat of the glaciers as an anthropogenic phenomenon."
trophic cascade /TROH-fik kas-KADE/
noun
a chain of ecological effects running through the food chain from one change
"The wolves' return had triggered a trophic cascade that reshaped the valley's plant life."
albedo /al-BEE-doh/
noun
the proportion of sunlight a surface reflects
"As sea ice melts, the dark ocean absorbs more heat because its albedo is so much lower."
desiccation /des-ik-KAY-shuhn/
noun
extreme drying out of soil or a landscape
"The wetland's slow desiccation had turned the bird sanctuary into cracked salt flats."
phenology /fuh-NOL-uh-jee/
noun
the study of seasonal timing in nature, such as flowering and migration
"Phenology records show that the cherry trees had been blooming weeks earlier than a century before."
bioaccumulation /by-oh-uh-kyoo-myoo-LAY-shuhn/
noun
the build-up of toxins in living tissue up the food chain
"Through bioaccumulation, mercury concentrates in large predatory fish, making them unsafe to eat."
petrichor /PET-ri-kor/
noun
the earthy scent of rain on dry soil
"After weeks of heat, the petrichor rising from the first rain felt almost like a promise."
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📝Grammar: 5A: Past tenses - simple, continuous, perfect
**Past simple** (worked, went) reports finished actions and repeated habits. It is the tense of facts: what happened, full stop.
**Past continuous** (was working) paints an action in progress at a past moment. It sets the background, like the petrichor rising while the valley waited for rain.
**Past perfect** (had worked) looks further back from a past moment. It tells you what had already finished before this point, such as the bioaccumulation that had concentrated toxins long before anyone tested the fish.
**Past perfect continuous** (had been working) adds duration to that earlier past.
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