📅 2026-09-29📊 C2 Proficient📚 10 new words🎧 daily podcast
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equanimity /ee-kwuh-NIM-uh-tee/
noun
calm, balanced composure, especially under pressure or in a crisis
"The surgeon faced the crisis with remarkable equanimity, calmly directing her team while the alarms blared."
magnanimous /mag-NAN-uh-mus/
adjective
generous and forgiving, especially toward a rival or someone who has wronged you
"In a magnanimous gesture, the victorious candidate invited her defeated rival to join the new cabinet."
obstinate /OB-stuh-nut/
adjective
stubbornly refusing to change your opinion or course of action
"His obstinate refusal to accept the committee's findings stalled the reform for another year."
reticent /RET-uh-sunt/
adjective
reserved and reluctant to speak freely about your thoughts or feelings
"Usually reticent about her private life, the novelist surprised everyone by publishing a candid memoir."
mercurial /mur-KYOOR-ee-ul/
adjective
subject to sudden, unpredictable changes of mood or behavior
"The director's mercurial temperament made every rehearsal unpredictable — brilliant one day, furious the next."
effusive /uh-FYOO-siv/
adjective
expressing feelings with overwhelming enthusiasm and warmth
"The critics were effusive in their praise, calling the premiere the most electrifying of the decade."
stoic /STOH-ik/
adjective
enduring hardship or pain without complaint; calmly accepting what cannot be changed
"She bore the months of painful treatment with stoic resolve, never once complaining to her family."
impetuous /im-PECH-oo-us/
adjective
acting quickly without careful thought; impulsive and rash
"His impetuous decision to invest his savings in the untested startup nearly cost him everything."
sanguine /SANG-gwin/
adjective
optimistic and confident, especially in a difficult situation
"Despite the gloomy forecasts, the analysts remain sanguine about the country's long-term growth."
truculent /TRUH-kyoo-lunt/
adjective
aggressively defiant and eager to argue; hostile in manner
"The debate turned truculent when one panelist began shouting over every rebuttal."
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📝Grammar: 4A: Obligation and prohibition - have to, must, should
**have to** + infinitive expresses obligation that comes from an outside rule or a general situation, not from the speaker's own choice. An obstinate employee still **has to** follow the safety regulations.
**must** + infinitive also expresses obligation, but it comes from the speaker's personal decision or a specific situation. I **must** thank my magnanimous host before I leave — nobody ordered me to; I decided it.
**mustn't** + infinitive is prohibition: something is forbidden. You **mustn't** be truculent with the referee. Careful: **mustn't** does NOT mean the same as **don't have to**.
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