📅 2026-10-06📊 C1 Advanced📚 10 new words🎧 daily podcast
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📚 Vocabulary
10 new wordsLearn new words with real examples and audio.
gentrification /jen-truh-fuh-KAY-shun/
noun
the process of renovating old poor neighborhoods so wealthier people move in, often forcing out the original residents
"The rapid gentrification of the old dockside quarter pushed out the families who had lived there for decades."
sprawl /SPRAWL/
noun
the uncontrolled spread of a city outward into the surrounding countryside
"Urban sprawl has swallowed the villages that once surrounded the capital."
congestion /kun-JES-chun/
noun
crowded roads with too much traffic, where vehicles can barely move
"The congestion on the expressway doubled his morning commute to nearly two hours."
metropolis /muh-TROP-uh-lis/
noun
a very large and important city, often the center of a region
"Toronto is a vibrant metropolis where more than half the residents were born abroad."
pedestrianize /puh-DES-tree-uh-nyze/
verb
to close a street or area to cars so that only people can walk there
"The council voted to pedestrianize the historic market square next spring."
heritage /HAIR-uh-tij/
noun
the old buildings, traditions, and culture that a place inherits from its past
"The city protects its heritage by listing historic buildings before developers can buy them."
bustle /BUH-sul/
noun
busy, energetic activity, with many people moving around
"She missed the lively bustle of the night market after moving to the quiet suburbs."
enclave /EN-klayv/
noun
a small area with its own distinct culture, tucked inside a larger different area
"The Portuguese enclave in the east end is famous for its bakeries and street festivals."
commute /kuh-MYOOT/
noun
the regular daily trip between home and work
"His two-hour commute leaves him little time for anything but sleep."
conurbation /kon-ur-BAY-shun/
noun
a large urban area formed when several cities and towns grow together
"The conurbation stretches fifty miles along the coast with no green space between the towns."
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📝Grammar: 6B: Modals of Deduction — might, can't, must
Modals of deduction turn the evidence you see into a logical guess about what is true. **Might** means you think something is possibly true, but you are not certain.
Use **must** when you are almost sure your guess is right. The whole street is silent at noon, so the office **must** be empty.
Use **can't** when you are almost sure something is impossible or untrue. Remember: the opposite of **must** is **can't** — never mustn't.
We often follow these modals with be + -ing for actions happening right now. That **bustle** in the square **must** be the evening market starting up.
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