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palliate /PAL-ee-ayt/
verb
to ease pain or symptoms without curing the illness
"Morphine was given to palliate her pain, though it could not cure the disease."
prognosis /prog-NOH-sis/
noun
a doctor's prediction about the likely course of an illness
"The prognosis for patients diagnosed early has improved dramatically."
debilitating /dih-BIL-ih-tay-ting/
adjective
causing serious weakness that makes normal life very hard
"His migraines were so debilitating that he often missed weeks of work."
placebo /pluh-SEE-boh/
noun
a harmless treatment that works because the patient believes in it
"In the trial, patients who received the placebo still reported less pain."
pathogenesis /path-oh-JEN-uh-sis/
noun
the biological process by which a disease develops
"Scientists spent a decade unraveling the pathogenesis of the virus."
sedentary /SED-en-teh-ree/
adjective
involving sitting and very little physical activity
"A sedentary lifestyle is now considered a major risk factor for heart disease."
malnutrition /mal-noo-TRISH-un/
noun
poor health caused by not getting enough nutritious food
"Malnutrition in early childhood can permanently impair brain development."
resuscitate /ree-SUS-ih-tayt/
verb
to bring someone back to life or consciousness
"The paramedics managed to resuscitate the patient after three minutes of CPR."
homeostasis /hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis/
noun
the body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable
"Sweating is the body's way of restoring homeostasis during exercise."
iatrogenic /eye-at-roh-JEN-ik/
adjective
caused by medical treatment itself
"The infection turned out to be iatrogenic, traced to contaminated surgical tools."
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πGrammar: 5B: Past and present habits and states (used to)
English draws a sharp line between habits that belong to the past and habits of the present. **used to + infinitive** marks a habit or state that held true for a period in the past but is no longer true.
The negative is **didn't use to** (or the more formal **never used to**). Beware the classic trap: **used to** has no present tense. There is no **use to** for present habits.
For present habits, pair the **present simple** with an adverb of frequency like *usually* or *normally*. **Used to** and the **past simple** often overlap for repeated actions, but only the **past simple** survives ex
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